EDUCATION

2003-2004 Faculty certificate program on teaching in higher education (one year course), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.

1991-19945 PhD in Neuropharmacology, the National University of Ireland. Thesis title: The interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system in animal models of stress and depression.

1982-1985 MSc. in Neurophysiology, the East China Normal University and Chinese Academy Science, Physiology Institute, Shanghai, China. Research Area: Neurophysiology and Neurobiology of Pain and Ageing.

1978-1982 MD in Chinese Medicine (Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture), Hu Nan Medical University, China and BSc. in Biology, The East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

ACADEMIC AND FELLOWSHIP AWARDS

March, 2007 The best poster presentation. College International Neuropsychopharmacology Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand.

July, 2006 Poster and Traveling Award, College International Neuropsychopharmacology Congress (CINP), Chicago, USA.

June, 2005 Canada Research Chair II in Psychoneuroimmunology.

Jan.1, 2004 Scholar Research Award for 3 years by Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and UBC Hospital, Canada (placed No. one).

Sept 1, 2001 New Investigator Award for 3 years by Canadian Institute for Health Research, Canada.

August, 2000 Young Scientist Award (placed No. 2), International Society for Psychoneuro-endocrinology, Montreal, Canada.

Feb.16, 1999 Pfizer 1998 Psychiatry Award, London, UK.

August 1-7, 1998 Young Investigator Award in XXIXth International Society of Neuroendocrinology Congress, Trier, Germany.

September 8-13, 1992 Poster Award in European Research Conference, European Science Foundation, Limerick, Ireland.

July, 1990 Pharmacological Research Prize, Sandoz Pharmaceutical Co. Switzerland.

1995-1997Postdoctoral fellowship awarded for 2 years by Ontario Mental Health Foundation, Canada.

1991-1994Ph.D fellowship awarded for 3 years by National University of Ireland, Ireland.

1982-1985MSc. fellowship awarded for 3 years by Chinese Government, China.

1978-1982Scholarship awarded for 4 years by Chinese Government, China.

PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT RECORD

TEACHING COURSES

2007-Psychoneuroimmunology, directed course, AVC, University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI).

2005-Neuroscience, graduate students, Biomedical Science, AVC, UPEI,

2002-2003 Biological Bases of Psychiatric Illness: Neuroscience 501: graduate students, Psychiatry Department, University of British Columbia, Canada.

1997 Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychologists,psychiatrists and research scientists. The World Health Organization and the International Institute for Education in Mental Health and Psychopharmacology. Geneva, Swizerland and USA.

1992-1994 Neuropharmacology: medical and dental students in the National University of Ireland.

1992-1994 Alternative Medicine: medical students, nurses and acupuncture doctors in Mill Town College, Dublin, Ireland.

1987-1990 1) Neurophysiology: 1st year postgraduate students and 4th year undergraduate students.

2) Experimentation of Physiology: 3rd yearundergraduate student in Tsinghua University (the best University of China).

1985-1987 Experimentation of Physiology: undergraduate students in Tsinghua University, China.

THESIS DIRECTED AND SUPERVISED

2006-2007Supervisor for Pornnarin Taepavarapruk, PDF, Biomedical Science Department, AVC, UPEI.

2006- Supervisor for Liting Song, PhD student, Biomedical Science Department, AVC, UPEI.

2005-Supervisor for Dirk Luchtman, PhD student, Biomedical Science Department, AVC, UPEI.

2005-2006Supervisor for Dr. Wei Kou, PDF, NRC-INH and UPEI.

2003-2004, Supervisor for Aaron Lai, BSc Honor, Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Canada.

2003-2004, Supervisor for Haiyan Li, MSc., Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Canada.

2003-2004, Supervisor for Kuwan Wang, PDF, Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Canada.

2002-2004, Supervisor for Zhijian Kang, Technician, Department of Psychiatry, UBC.Canada.

2002-2003, Supervisor for Yoshie Kadotomi. Japanese visiting scientist, Department of Psychiatry, UBC.

2000-2003, Supervisor for Xuwen Li, technician, Department of Psychiatry, UBC.

2001-2002, Supervisor and director for Jennifer Eskes, B.Sc., Department of Psychiatry, UBC.

1999-2000, Co-supervisor for Gemma Dalton, M.Sc., Department of Psychology, UBC.

1999-2000, Supervisor for Yi Zhang, Technician, Department of Psychology, UBC.

1996, Co-supervisor for Aihua Lin, MSc. Department of Psychiatry, the University of Antwarp, Belgium.

1995-1996, Co-supervisor for Thomas Connor, PhD Department of Pharmacology, National University of

Ireland.

1987-1990, Supervisor and director for Shaowen Bao, MSc Department of Biology and Biotechnology,

Tsinghua University. Beijing, China.

1988, Supervisor and director for Pin Liu, BSc Honor, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

RESEARCH CAREER

Sept, 2004-present Canada Research Chair/Associated Professor, Department of Biomedical Science, AVC, UPEI, and NRC Institute of Nutrisciences and Health. Research area: Inflammation and neurodegeneration: effects of natural products or nutrition.

Sept. 2001-Aug. 2004, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Univ. of British Columbia. Research areas: Neuroimmunology and brain inflammation related diseases.

Sept.1999- June 2001, Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology, UBC, Canada. Research areas: The role of phospholipids and cytokines in depression and Alzheimer’s disease.

Dec. 1998-June 1999, Research Scientist trained in genetic and molecular biology in Molecular-Endocrinology Lab, CHUL Hospital, Laval University, Quebec, hired by Laxdale Let., UK.

May -Nov., 1996, VisitingProfessor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Research Area: Interaction between the CNS and immune system in psychiatric diseases and drug treatments.

1995-1997, Postdoctoral Researcher in the Neuroscience Research Institute, Carleton University and Psychology school, University of Ottawa, Canada. Research Area: (1) Interaction between cytokines, stress and neurotransmitters; (2) Neuroimmunology and Neuropharmacology of stress and Depression.

1994-1995, Postdoctoral Researcher in Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Canada.

1987-1990, Lecturer in Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Research Area: Neurophysiology, Ageing and Biophysical Changes in Membrane Lipid.

1985-1987, Assistant lecturer in Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Research Area: Electrophysiology and Biophysical Structure of Membrane.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

EDITORIAL BOARD OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS

Editorial board of Journal of Human Psychopharmacology (1999-2003).

Editorial board of Stress (2000-2004)

Editorial board of Stress and Health (2004-2005).

Book Review Editor of Stress and Health (2004-present)

OTHER PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS

International Board Member of the National Institute for Stress Evaluation & Management, Australia.

Adviser of Neuroscience Research Institute, The First Military Medical University of China.

Director, Biological Psychiatry Centre, Hui Long Guan Psychiatric Hospital, Beijing, China.

Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

Member of PDF Award Peer Review Committee, Canada Institutes for Health Research.

Member of Oversea Expert Board of Chinese Academy of Science Grant Peer Review Committee.

MEMBERSHIP

International Society of Investigation on Stress.

International Neuroimmunomodulation Society.

Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, USA.

College International of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP).

New York Academy of Sciences.

Irish Association of Pharmacologists.

Irish Neuroscience Group.

Canadian Association of Neuroscience.

Canadian Collegium Neuropsychopharmacology (CCNP).

Neuroscience Society of USA

National Physiological Association of China.

National Biophysical Association of China.

National Ageing and Anti-ageing Association of China.

Honorary member of Acupuncture Foundation of Ireland.

The Canadian Academy of Chinese Traditional Health Sciences.

The World Association of Chinese Medicine.

INVITED LECTURES IN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND LOCAL SEMINARS

Major depression, inflammation, and treatments with n-3 fatty acid and other novel drugs. World Federation of Biological Psychiatry Society, Chili, 7-21 April, 2007.

The role of cytokines in depression: new findings and novel treatments. European Psychoneuroimmunology Expert Meeting, Germany. March 9-12, 2007.

n-3 fatty acid EPA modulates behavior and neurotransmission, and balance between neuroprotection and neuroinflam mation in an animal model of neurodegenerative disease. CINP Congress, Chicago, USA. July 9-13, 2006.

Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in depression. World Psychiatry Congress, Cairo, Sept, 2005.

The role of inflammation in depression: an update. CCNP conference, St John, Newfoundland, June, 2005.*

Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on IL-1beta-induced activation of HPA axis in rats. International Conference in Psychoneuroendocrinology. Glasgow, UK. July, 2004.*

Can n-3 fatty acids treat or prevent Alzheimer’s disease?International Conference in Psychoneuroendocrinology. Glasgow, UK. July, 2004.

Effects of electronic acupuncture and fluoxetine treatments on plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in normal controls and depressed patients. CINP Pacific Regional Meeting, Beijing, China, March, 2004.

The Role of IL-1beta in Alzheimer’s Disease: Studies on an animal model and therapeutic effects of n-3 fatty acids. International Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Feb. 9-13.

Omega fatty acids reverse IL-1 caused depressive symptoms and stress response in rats. 4th World Congress on Stress. Edinburgh, U.K. Sept. 12-15, 2002. *

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease: new therapeutic options. XXIII CINP Conference, Montreal, June 22-28, 2002. *

Insights from traditional Chinese medicine. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annul Meeting, Madison, USA, May 8-11, 2002.

The Interaction between neurotransmitters and cytokines in depression and stress. International Symposium in Neurotransmitters and Receptors. Guang Zhuo, China, Jan., 9-12, 2002.

Immune system and brain communication in psychiatry diseases: effect of drug treatments. Woman’s Hospital, Research Division, Vancouver, Canada. Oct.9, 2002.

The role of cytokines in depression: effect of fatty acid treatment. Mood Disorder Rounds, Psychiatry Department. UBC. May 2001.

Cytokines, depression and memory. International Symposium “Cytokines and Depression: Where Do We Stand?” Dinard, France. May 2001.

Inflammatory response and depression: Effects of antidepressant treatments. CINP Regional Meeting. Hiroshima, Japan. Oct. 2001.

Autoimmunity and psychiatric Diseases: Effect of drug treatment. Department of Anatomy, UBC, April 2001.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and psychiatric diseases. Psychiatry Department, the University of Alberta. Edmonton. Jan. 2001.

Immune disorders and psychiatric diseases. Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, the University of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon. Jan 2001.

Immune and cytokine changes in depression. Third World Congress on Stress, Dublin, Ireland. Sept. 2000. *

Endotoxin increases both gene expression: inflammation related cytokines and stress related neuroendocrine in a depression model of rats. 3rd World Congress on Stress, Dublin, Ireland. Sept. 2001.

The Role of cytokines in depression: effects of antidepressant treatments. International Immunopsychiatry Symposium, Munich, Germany. Sept. 2000.

Increases in the gene expression of CRF and pro-Inflammatory cytokines in depression model of rats. Annual Meeting of International Society for Research on Psychoneuroimmunology, Wilmington, USA. May, 2000.

Comparing effects of IL-1 and IL-2 caused changes in behaviour, endocrine and neurotransmitter release in the rat. Annual Congress of International Society for Research on Psychoneuro-immunology, Wilmington, USA. May, 2000.

Cytokines, stress and depression: a CRF involved mechanism. Second International Congress on Hormones, Brain and Neuropsychopharmacology. Rhodes, Greece, July 15-19, 2000.

Cytokines, glucocorticoids and memory. XXXth ISPNE, Orlando, USA. July 1999. *

Stress-induced monoamine changes in the nucleus accumbens of the OB rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. Second World Congress on Stress. Melbourne, Australia. Oct. 1998. *

Cytokines in detoxified patients with chronic alcoholism without liver disease: increased monocytic cytokine production. Second World Congress on Stress. Melbourne, Australia. Oct. 1998.

Behavioral, neurotransmitter and endocrine responses to cytokine administration: the different role of cytokines in the neuroimmune modulation. XXIth CINP Congress. Glasgow, UK. , July, 1998.*

Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans. XXIth CINP Congress, Glasgow, UK. July 1998.

The studies of lipid structure in erythrocyte membrane of aging rats using Ramam spectra and differential scanning calcometer. The National Biophysics Annual Meeting. Beijing, China. May 1990.

* Both symposium chairs and speakers

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE

Canadian Institute for Health Research---peer review committee—post-PhD

Canadian Institute for Health Research—external reviewer

Ad hoc reviewer for international journals:

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Biological Psychiatry

Drugs

Human Psychoneuropharmacology

European Journal of Pharmacology

Journal of Psychiatric Research

John Wiley & Sons Publisher

Journal of Affective Disorders

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research

Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience

Mol. Psychiatry

Neuropsychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology

Psychiatry Research

Stress Medicine

Stress and Health

Acta Paediatrica

PUBLISHED PAPERS AND BOOKS

Original papers:

Song C, Li XW, Kang ZJ, Kadotomi Y. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoateattenuates IL-1b-induced changes in dopamine and metabolites in the shell of the nucleus accumbens: involved with PLA2 activity and corticosterone secretion. Neuropsychophamacology 32(3):736-744, 2007.

Song C, Manku M, Horrobin DF. Modulation of IL-1beta induced changes in behavior, monoaminergic neurotransmitter response and brain inflammation by long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats. J Nutrition (in press), 2006

Lai A, Swayze RD, El-Husseini A, Song C. Interleukin-1 beta modulates AMPA receptor expression and phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. J. Neuroimmunology 175: 97-106, 2006.

Song C, Leonard BE. Effects of acute and sub-chronic administration of Interleukin-1b on the behaviour, immune and neurotransmitter function in the rat. Pharmacopsychiatry 39: 88-99, 2006.

Song C, Phillips AG, Leonard BE, Horrobin DF. Omega-3 fatty acid and RU 486 reverse IL-1-induced memory impairment in rats: a glucocorticoid involved mechanism. Mol. Psychiatry 9: 630-638, 2004.

Song C, Leonard BE, Horrobin DF. Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid but not soybean oil reverses central interleukin-1-induced anxiety, stress and inflammatory response in rats. Stress 7: 43-54, 2004.

Song C, Horrobin DF. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid but not soybean oil attenuates memory impairment induced by central IL-1beta-administration. J. Lipid Res. 45: 1112-1121, 2004.

Song C, Li XW, Leonard BE, Horrobin DF. Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1beta-induced anxiety, stress and inflammatory responses in rats. J. Lipid Res. 44:1984-1991, 2003.

Song C, Phillips AG, Leonard BE. Interleukin 1 beta enhances conditioned fear memory but impairs spatial learning in rats: possible involvement of glucocorticoids and monoamine function in the amygdala and hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosc. 18 (7): 1739-1743, 2003.

Barr AM, Song C, Sawada K, Young CE, Honer WG, Philips AG. Tolerance to the anhedonic effect of lipopolysaccharide is associated with changes in syntaxin immunoreactivity in the nuleus accumbens. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol,6: 23-34,2003.

Song C. The effect of thymectomy and IL-1 on memory: an implication between depression and immunity. Brain Behav. Immun 6: 557-568, 2002.

Maes M, Van Gastel A, Delmeire L, Kenis G, Bosmans E, Song C. Platelet alpha2-adrenoceptor density in humans: relationships to stress-induced anxiety, psychasthenic constitution, gender and stress-induced changes in the inflammatory response system. Psychol Med. 32:919-928, 2002.

Song C, Lin A, Kenis G, Bosmans E, Maes M. Immunosuppressive effects of clozapine and haloperidol: enhanced production of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Schizophr. Res. 2: 157-164, 2000.

Lin A, Song C, et al. The in vitro immunosuppressive effects of moclobemide in healthy volunteers.J. Affect. Disord. 58: 69-74, 2000.

Song C, et al. Cytokines in detoxified patients with chronic alcoholism without liver disease: increased monocytic cytokine production. Biol. Psychiat. 45: 1212-1216, 1999.

Song C, et al. Alteration in immune functions during normal ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiat. Res.Neuroimage, 85: 71-80, 1999.

Song C, Merali Z and Anisman H. Interaction of stress and cytokines interleukine-1, 2 and 6 at the nucleus accumbens; an in vivo microdialysis. Neuroscience 88: 823-836, 1999.

De Vos N, Song C, Lin AH, et al. Lower serum zinc in relation to serum albumin and proinflammatory cytokines in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients without apparent liver disease. Neuropsychobiology 39:144-150, 1999.

Maes M, Lin A, Bonaccorso S, Song C, et al. Lower activity of serum peptidases in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol. 17:1-6, 1999.

Maes M, Song C, et al. The effects of psychological stress on leukocyte subset distribution in humans: evidence of immune activation. Neuropsychobiology 39:1-9, 1999.

Maes M, Song C, et al. In vitro immunoregulatory effects of lithium in health volunteers. Psychopharmacology 143: 401-407, 1999.

Connor TJ, Song C, et al. Neurogenic and metabolic stressors provoke differential effects on accumbal serotonergic neurotransmission in the olfactory bulbectomized rat: an in vivo microdialysis study. Neuroreport 10: 523-528, 1999.

Maes M, van Bockstaele D, van Gastel A, Song C. Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans, part I: changes in leukocyte subset distribution shows interrelated immune suppression and activation. Neuropsychobiology 39: 1-9, 1999.

Song C, Kenis G, van Gastel A, Bosmans E, Lin A, Maes M. Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans, part II: altered serum concentrations of natural anti-inflammtory agents and soluble membrane antigents of monocytes and t lymphocytes. Psychiat. Res NeuroImage. 85: 293-303, 1999.

Maes M, Song C, et al. Negative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10 secretion. Neuropsychopharmacology 20:370-379, 1999.

Maes M, DeVos N, Wauters A, Demedts P, Bosmans E, Song C. Inflammatory markers in younger vs elderly normal volunteers and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res. 3:397-405, 1999.

Maes M, Lin A, Bosmans E, Song C, et al. Serotonin-immune interactions in detoxified chronic alcoholic patients without apparent liver disease - activation of the inflammatory response system and lower plasma total tryptophan. Psychiat Res.78:151-161, 1998.

Maes M, Song C, et al. The effects of psychological stress on humans - increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a Th1-like response in stress-induced anxiety. Cytokine 10:313-318, 1998.

Vanhunsel F, Vangastel A, Neels H, Wauters A, Demedts P, Bruyland K, Demeester I, Scharpe S,Janca A, Song C, Maes M. The influence of psychological stress on total serum protein and patterns obtained in serum protein electrophoresis. Psychol. Med.28:301-309, 1998.

Lu ZW, Song C, et al. Influence of a psychogenic and a neurogenic stressor on several indices of immune functioning in different strains of mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 12: 7-22, 1998.

Song C, Lin A, Bonaccorso S, Heide C, Verkerk R, Kenis G, et al. The inflammatory response system and the tryptophan availability to the brain of patients with major depression and sleep disorders. J Affect. Disord. 49: 211-219, 1998.

Connor TJ, Song C, Leonard BE, Merali Z, Anisman H. Comparative effect of acute central cytokine administration on behavioural, neurochemical, endocrine and immune parameters in the rat. Neuroscience 84: 923-933, 1998.

Song C, Leonard BE. Comparative effects of the sigma ligand JO 1784 and neuropeptide Y on immune functions. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 345: 79-87. 1998.

Bonaccorso S, Lin A, Song C, et al. Serotonin-immune interactions in elderly volunteers and in patients with Alzheimer's disease (dat): lower plasma tryptophan availability to the brain in the elderly and increased serum interleukin-6 in DAT. Age 10: 316-323, 1998.

Anisman H, Lu ZW, Song C, et al. Influence of psychogenic and neurogenic stressors on endocrine and immun activity: differential effects in fast and slow seizing. Brain Behav.Immun. 11: 63-74. 1997.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. Effects of chronic pretreatment with the sigma ligand JO1784 on CRF-induced changes in behaviour, neurotransmitter and immunological function in the rat. Neuropsychobiology 35: 200-204. 1997.

Song C, Leonard BE. Changes in behaviour, neurotransmitter and neutrophil function in olfactory bulbectomized rats: effect of desipramine treatment. Human Psychopharm. 12: 99-105, 1997.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. Effect of chronic treatment with piracetam and tacrine on some changes caused by thymectomy in the rat brain. Pharmac.Biochem. Behav. 56: 697-704, 1997.

Song C, Leonard BE. Behavioural and immunological effects of the antihistamine terfenadine in olfactory bulbectomized rat. Europ. J. Psychopharmacol. 6: 157-162, 1996.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. The effects of central administration of neuropeptide Y on behavioural, neurochemical and immunological functions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat depression model of animal. Brain Behav. Immun. 10: 1-16, 1996.

Song C, Leonard BE. The effect of olfactory bulbectomy in the rat, alone or in combination with antidepressants and endogenous factors, on immune function: a review. Human Psychopharmacol. 10: 7-18. 1995.

Song C, Leonard BE. Interleukin-2 induced changes in behaviour, neurotransmitter and immune functions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat: IL-2 may be a modulator of depression in the central nervous system. NeuroImmunoModulation 2: 263-273, 1995.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. Behavioural, neurochemical and immunological responses to CRF administration: is CRF a mediator of stress or anxiety response? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 771: 55-72, 1995.

Song C, Leonard BE. An acute phase protein response in the olfactory bulbectomized rat: effect of sertraline treatment. Med. Sci. Res. 22: 313-314. 1994.

Song C, Leonard BE. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors reverse the impairments in behaviour, neurotransmitter and immune functions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat. Human Psychopharmacol. 9: 135-146, 1994.

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. Alterations in immune and endocrine parameters following olfactory bulbectomy. Med. Sci. Res. 22: 593-595. 1994

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. The effect of stressful behavioural exposure on endocrine and immune parameters in the rat. Stress Med. 10: 239-245, 1994.

Song C, Dinan T, and B. E. Leonard, Changes in Immunoglobulin, Complement and Acute Phase Protein Levels in the Depressed Patients and Normal Controls, J. Affect. Disord. 30: 283-288, 1994.

Song C, Killeen AA, Leonard BE. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in neutrophils of sham and olfactory bulbectomized rats. Neuropsychobiology 30: 24-28, 1994.

Song C, Leonard BE. The effects of chronic lithium chloride administration on some behaviour and immune functions in olfactory bulbectomized rats, J. Psychopharmacol. 8: 40-47, 1994.

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. Is the state of leukocyte adhesiveness / aggregation an immune marker of stress in olfactory bulbectomized rats, Stress Med. 9: 255-258, 1993.

Song C, Leonard BE. The effect of IL-2 on the lymphocyte proliferation in olfactory bulbectomized rats in vitro, Med. Sci. Res. 21: 449-450, 1993.

Song C, Leonard BE. Effect of thymopeptides on behaviour and some immunological response in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Med. Sci. Res. 20: 929-930, 1993.

Song C, Chen R. The effect of acupuncture on the uptake of[3H]-5-HT in the raphe nuclei of midbrain of adult and aging rats. J. Tsinghua University (China), 31 (S3): 78-83. 1992.

Song C, Bao S. The relationship between catecholamine and thymopeptides in ageing brain. J. Gerontology (China), 11 (6): 370-372, 1991.

Song C, Zuo P. Study of experimental hypoparathyroidism in rat: the fluidity changes in brain synaptolemma. Basic Medical Science and Clinic, 11(3): 54-57,1991.

Song C, Guong Y. The responses of tectal neurons in common toads to reversal square grating. J. Tsinghua University (China), 131: 65-71, 1991.

Song C. 5-HT in aging brain: pain and analgesia, J. Gerontology (China) Feb. 1989.

Reviews

Song C. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a new drug in treatment psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of clinical trials. Expert Opin. Inv. Drug. (in press), 2006.

Song C, Leonard BE. The olfactory bulbectomized rats: as a model of depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.29 (4-5): 627-647, 2005.

Lam RW, Song C, Yatham LN. Does Neuroimmune dysfunction mediate seasonal mood changes in winter depression? Med Hypotheses. 63:567-573, 2004.

Murck H, Song C, Horrobin DF, Uhr M. Ethyl-EPA and dexamethasone-resistance in therapy-refractory depression. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacology 7: 341-349,2004.

Leonard BE, Song C. Changes in the immune system in rodent models of depression.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5: 345-556, 2002.

Song C. Anxiety and immune system: recent developments. Brain Pharmacology. 1: 129-145, 2002.

Song C. Anxiety and immune system: the modulation of benzodiazepines. Stress and Health, 17 (3): 129-131, 2001.

Song C. The Interaction between cytokines and neurotransmitters in depression and stress: possible mechanism of antidepressant treatment. Human Psychopharmacol: Clin. Exp. 15: 199-211, 2000.

Leonard BE, Song C. Stress, depression and role of cytokines. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 461: 251-265, 1999.

Leonard BE, Song C. Immune, endocrine and neurotransmitter changes in chronic stress and depression. Stress Med 13: 217-227,1997.

Song C. The Role of cytokines in depressive illness (review). CNS 1: 14-17, 1998.

Song C. A new theory of immunology for psychiatric disorders (in Chinese). part1 in China Health Newsprint. Nov. 15, 1997; Part 2 in China Health Newsprint. Nov. 22, 1997.

Leonard BE, Song C. Stress and the immune system in the etiology of anxiety and depression. Pharmac. Biochem. Behav. 54: 299-303, 1996.

Song C. Neurotransmitters and aging brain, China Health Paper, July 6th,1988.

Papers have been submitted

Song C. Thymus aging and brain inflammation. (Submitted to Immunology Today), 2006.

Song C. Leonard BE, Rivest S. Endotoxin enhances both stress related and inflammation related gene expressions in olfactory bulbectomized rats model of depression. (Submitted to Mol. Psychitry), 2006.

Papers in preparation

Song C. et al. Changes in memory, neurotransmitter releases and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of depression model: effects of n-3 fatty acid treatment.

Song C. et al. Inflammation-related gene expression in the brain of depression model: anti-inflammatory role of n-3 fatty acid EPA.

Song C. et al. EPA prevents LPS and glutamate-induced changes in neurotransmitter releases and cortical neuron death: an in vitro study.

Song C. Effects of EPA on behavioral, neurochemical and immune abnormalities in a rodent model of depression.

Books:

Song C, Leonard BE. Fundamental of Psychoneuroimmunology. John Wiley & Son Publisher LTD. UK, April 2000.(This book has been translated to different languages).

Song C. Enlightenment from the development of modern neuroscience, (edited by Yuanlong Zhang) Heilongjang People's Publishing House Press, Feb., 1989.

Song C. Physiological experimentation (Text Book, Edited by Education Officer in Tsinghua University), Tsinghua University Publishing House Press, 1988.

Book chapters:

Song C. Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through anti-inflammation and neuroprotection: a review of studies in animal models. In Marine Nutraceuticals (Ed: Shahidi F. and Barrow C.), CRC Press, Florida, USA (in press).

Song C. n-3 fatty acids and stress. In Encyclopedia of Stress (2rd Ed: Frank J.), Volume 1, Academic Press, San Diego, USA (in press), 2006.

Leonard BE, Song C. Cytokine, stress and depression. In Encyclopedia of Stress (2rd Ed: Frank J.), Volume 1, Academic Press, San Diego, USA (in press), 2006

Song C. The bi-communication between the brain and the immune system: a new psychiatric research area. In: On the Frontiers of Science vol. 1, pp 210-228, Life Science Section (Ed: Liu J. K.), Emerging Fields Publisher: Tsinghua University Press and Interpress, Beijing, 2003.

Song C. Effects of omega-3 acids on proinflammatory cytokines induced depressive symptoms in animal studies. In: Phospholipid Spectrum Disorder in Psychiatry (Second Edit), Marius Press. 2002.

Song C. Cytokines, stress and depression: CRF involved mechanism. In: Encyclopedia of Stress (Ed: Frank J.), Volume 1, Academic Press, San Diego, 2000.

Leonard BE, Song C. Stress, depression and role of cytokines. In: Cytokine, Stress and Depression (Ed: Dantzer, R., Wollman, E.E., Yirmiya, R.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, c1999.

Maes M, Song C, et al., Immune and clinical correlates of psychological stress-induced production of interferon-g and IL-10 in humans. In: Cytokines: Stress and Immunity (Ed:Plotnikoff N. P.), Boca Raton, CRC Press, c1999.

Book review and Translations

Human Psychoneuroimmunology (Ed. K Vedhara and M Irwin). Psychol Med 36: 1045-1046, 2006.

Interleukin-1 in the Brain (Ed. by Nancy Rothwell). Human Psychopharmacol.10:161, 1995.

Handbook of Human Stress and Immunity (Ed. by Glaser Kiecolt-Glaser). Human Psychopharmacol. 11: 148, 1996.

Physical Change in Aging Brain, World Science (China), May, 1987.

PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS, ORAL AND POSTER COMMUNICATION IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

Kou W, Luchtman D, Song C. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increases the cell viability of fully differentiated SH-SY5Y cells through up-regulation of tyrosine kinase receptor B expression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9 (Suppl 1): S125 (got poster/traveling award), 2006.

Song C. The Therapeutic mechanism of n-3 fatty acid EPA: anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. 58th American Academy Neurology, San Diego, April 1-8, 2006. Neurology 66 (Suppl 2): P05.097.

Song C. Interleukin-1 beta modulates AMPA recentor expression and phosphorylation in the hippocampal neurons. Psychoneuroimmunology Conference, Denver, USA. June 8-12. Brain Behav., Immu. 14: 77-140, 2005.

Song C. EPA alone or combination with GLA modulate gene expression related to stress and inflammation in a rodent model of depression. Psychoneuroimmunology Conference, Denver, USA. June 8-12. Brain Behav., Immu. 14: 77-140, 2005.

Song C. The role of IL-1beta in Alzheimer’s disease: studies on an animal model and therapeutic effects of n-3 fatty acids. International Congress of Biological of psychiatry, Sydney Feb. 9-13. The World journal of Biological Psychiatry 5 (suppl): 21, 2004.

Song C. Omega-3 fatty acid EPA modulates behavior, neurotransmission and immune functions in a rodent model of depression.International Congress of Biological of psychiatry, Sydney Feb. 9-13. The World journal of Biological Psychiatry 5 (suppl): 37, 2004.

Song C, Han C, Ualbreich H, Leonard BE, Meng FQ, Lou HC, Shen YC. Effects of electronic acupuncture and fluoxetine treatments on plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in normal controls and depressed patients. Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Abstract p93, 2002.

Song C. Omega fatty acids reverse IL-1 caused depressive symptoms and stress response in rats. 4th World Congress on Stress. Edinburgh, U.K. Sept. 12-15. Stress 5: 21, 2002.

Song C, Eskes J, Yu W, Weinberg J. Changes in corticosterone concentrations and macrophage activity in thymectomized rats after stress. 4th World Congress on Stress. Edinburgh, U.K. Sept. 12-15, 2002 Stress 5: 59.

Song C. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease: new therapeutic options. XXIII CINP Conference, Montreal, June 22-28, 2002. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 5: S14, 2002.

Song C. Effects of chronic treatment with venlafaxine and rolipram on behavioral, PGE2 concentrations and cytokine releases in a rodent model of depression. XXIII CINP Conference, Montreal, June 22-28, 2002. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 5: S101, 2002.

Song C. Insights from traditional Chinese Medicine. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annul Meeting, Madison, USA, May 8-11. Brain Behav. Immun. 16: 165, 2002.

Song C. IL-1b induces impairments in cognitive behaviors in rats. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Conference. Madison, May, USA. Brain Behav. Immun. 16: 215, 2002.

Song C, w-3 fatty acid EPA, but not sertraline attenuates IL-1-induced changes in neurotransmitter releases: an in vivo microdialysis study. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Conference. Madison, May, USA. Brain Behav. Immun. 16: 216, 2002.

Song C. The interaction between cytokines and neurotransmitters in depress and stress. International Symposium on Neurotransmitters and Receptors. Jan, Anatomy Res. 24:57-58, 2002.

Song C. Cytokines, depression and memory. International Symposium “Cytokines and Depression: Where Do We Stand?” Dinard, France, 2001.

Song C. Inflammatory response and depression: effects of antidepressant treatments. CINP Regional Meeting Hiroshima. Oct. 2-5, Hiroshima, Japan, 2001.

Song C. 2001. Phillips A, Leonard BE. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease: new therapeutic options. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Conference. Uretch, The Netherlands. Brain Behav. Immun. 15: 186, 2001.

Song C. Changes in behaviour, neurochemistry, endocrine, and immune functions caused by different routes, doses, and durations of IL-1 administration in the rat. Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Conference. Uretch, The Netherlands. Brain Behav. Immun. 15: 185, 2001.

Song C. Proinflammatory cytokines induce impairments in cognitive behaviours. CCNP June 17-20th, Banff, Canada, 2001.

Song C. Omega fatty acid, but not sertraline attenuates IL-1-induced changes in neurotransmitter releases: an in vivo microdialysis study. CCNP June 17-20th, Banff, Canada, 2001.

Song C. Immune and cytokine changes in depression. Third World Congress on Stress, Sept 23th-27th, Dublin, Ireland, 2000.

Song C, et al. Endotoxin increases both gene expression: inflammation related cytokines and stress related neuroendocrine in a depression model of rats. Third World Congress on Stress, Sept 23th-27th, Dublin, Ireland, 2000.

Song C. The Role of cytokines in depression: effects of antidepressant treatments. Immunopsychiatry Expert Discussion Group, Sept.13th-15th, Munich, Germany, 2000.

Song C, Leonard BE, Rivest S. Increases in the gene expression of crf and pro-inflammatory cytokines in depression model of rats. (Annual Meeting of International Society for Research on Psychoneuroimmunology, Wilmington, USA) Brain Behav. Immun. 14: 132, 2000.

Song C, Merali Z, Connor T, Leonard BE, Anisman H. Comparing effects of IL-1 and IL-2 caused changes in behaviour, endocrine and neurotransmitter release in the rat. (Annual Congress of International Society for Research on Psychoneuroimmunology, Wilmington, USA) Brain Behav. Immun. 14:132-133, 2000.

Song C, Leonard BE, Phillips A, Horrobin D. Changes in behavior, neurochemistry, endocrine and immune functions caused by different routes, doses and durations of IL-1 administration in the rat (CINP 2000, Brussels, Belgium). Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 3 (S): 348-349, 2000.

Song C, Rivest S, Horrobin D, Leonard BE. Endotoxin increases both gene expression: inflammation related cytokines and stress related neuroendocrine in a depression model of rats (CINP XII, Brussels, Belgium). Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 3 (S): 349, 2000.

Song C. Cytokines, glucocorticoids and memory. July 30-Aug.3, XXXth ISPNE, Orlando, USA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25: S30, 2000.

Song C. Cytokines, stress and depression: a CRF involved mechanism. Second International Congress on Hormones, Brain and Neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 23: S60, 2000.

Leonard BE, Song C. Sigma receptor, stress and immunomodulation. July 30-Aug.3, XXXth ISPNE, Orlando, USA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25: S31, 1999.

Song C, et al. Influence of a psychogenic and a neurogenic stress on several indices of endocrine and immune functions in different strains of mice. Aug. 2-6, XXIXth ISPNE, Trier, Germany. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23: S19, 1998.

Song C, et al. The inflammatory response system and the tryptophan availability to the brain of

patients with major depression and sleep disorders. Same as above, Psychoneuroendocrinology 23: S115, 1998.

Song C, et al. Stress-induced monoamine changes in the nucleus accumbens of the OB rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. Second World Congress on Stress, Oct. 25-29, Melbourne, Australia, 1998.

Song C, et al. Cytokines in detoxified patients with chronic alcoholism without liver disease: increased monocytic cytokine production. 2nd World Congress on Stress, Oct. 25-29, Melbourne, Australia, 1998.

Song C, et al. Influence of psychogenic and neurogenic stressors on endocrine and immune activity: different responses in fast and slow seizing rat strains. Second World Congress on Stress, Oct. 25-29, Melbourne, Australia, 1998.

Song C, et al. Behavioral, Neurotransmitter and endocrine responses to cytokine administration: the different role of cytokines in the neuroimmune modulation. XXIth CINP Congress, July 12-17, Glasgow, UK, 1998.

Song C, et al. Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans. XXIth CINP Congress, July 12-17, Glasgow, UK, 1998.

Song C, Maes M, Bosmans E, et al. Influences of psychological stress on concentrations of natural anti-inflammatory agents and soluble membrane antigens of monocytes and T-lymphocytes. Psychoneuroimmunology Conference. June 4-7, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 1997.

Lu ZW, Song C, McIntyre D, Remington GJ, Anisman H. Macrophage activity and cell proliferation following naturalistic stressors in high and low seizure susceptible rats. USA Neuroscience Society 26th annul meeting, Washington, Abstract 271.5, Nov. 15 -21, 1996.

Kokkinidis L, Song C, Merali Z, Anisman H. Alterations of rewarding brain stimulation and central monoamines associated with cytokine administration. USA Neuroscience Society 26th annual meeting, Washington, Abstract 271.5, Nov. 15 -21, 1996.

Connor TJ, Cai Song, Z. Merali, B.E. Leonard and H. Anisman, 1996. Stressor-induced in vivo monoamine variations: enhancement by olfactory bulbectomy in rats. USA Neuroscience Society 26th annual meeting, Washington, Abstract 809.13, Nov. 15 -21.

Song C, Connor TJ, Anisman H, Ravindran AV Merali Z. Comparative effect of acute central cytokine administration on behavioural, neurochemical, endocrine and immune parameters in the rat. USA Neuroscience Society 26th annual meeting, Washington, Abstract 336.5, Nov. 15 -21, 1996.

Leonard BE, Song C. Putative endogenous ligands for sigma receptors. XXth C.I.N.P. Congress, Australia, 1996.

Anisman H, Song C, Lacosta S, Ravindran AV, Merali Z. Stress-induced immune, endocrine and central transmitter alterations in high and low stress reactive mice. USA Neuroscience Society, 25th Annual Meeting, Abstract 189.2, San Diego, Nov. 11-16, 1995.

Song C, Leonard BE. Effects of JO 1784 on CRF-induced changes in behaviour, neurotransmitter and immunological function in the rat. Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 18th Annual Meeting, Abstract pp21, Vancouver, Canada, June 4-7, 1995.

Song C, Lacosta S, Anisman H, Merali Z. Interactions of stress and cytokines (il-1b and il-2) at the nucleus accumbens; an in vivo microdialysis study. Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 18th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, June 4-7, 1995.

Leonard BE, Song C. The effects of central administration of neuropeptide Y on behavioural, neurochemical and immunological functions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression. American College Neuropsychopharmacology 33rd Annual Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Dec. 12-15. Abstract, pp199, 1994.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. Behaviour, neurochemical and immunological responses to CRF administration. The First International Congress on Stress. Abstract, Bethasda, USA. Oct. 4-7, 1994.

Kelly JP, Song C, Leonard BE. Alterations in immune and parameters following olfactory bulbectomy. XIXth College International Neuro-Psychopharmacological Congress. Washington, D.C., USA, June 27-July 1. Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Elservier, Part 2 of 2, pp 160s, 1994.

Leonard BE, Song C, Earley B. Endogenous endocoids and sigma receptors in the mammalian brain: behaviour and immune logical implications. XIXth College International Neuro-Psychopharmacological Congress. Washington, D.C., USA, June27-July1. Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsycho-pharmacology, Elsevier, Part 1 of 2, pp838s, 1994.

Song C, Leonard BE. Changes in behaviour, neurotransmitter and neutrophil function in olfactory bulbectomized rats: effect of desipramine treatment. 2nd International Neuroimmunomodulation Congress (Abstract), 12-18, Sep. Italy, 1993.

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. Behaviour, lymphocyte activity and serum corticosterone levels in olfactory bulbectomized rats following chronic desipramine treatment. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland, 1992 Meeting, January 7-8, Dublin, Ireland. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 162, 386-387, 1993.

O'Connell A, Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. Effects of tacrine and phencyclidine on TMT- and IBO-induced behavioural deficits. Irish Toxicology Meeting. September 1992, Dublin, Ireland. In: Developments and Ethical Consideration in Toxicology (Edited by M.I. Weitzner), published by Royal Society of Chemistry, London. pp 184, 1993.

Song C, O'Connell A, Earley B, Leonard BE. The Effects of trimethyltin (TMT) on some immune functions in rats following chronic treatment for 42 days with tacrine. Irish Toxicology Meeting. September, Dublin, Ireland.In: Developments and Ethical Consideration in Toxicology (Edited by M.I. Weitzner), published by Royal Society of Chemistry, London. pp 183, 1993.

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. The effect of behaviour despair exposure on endocrine and immune parameters in the rat. 5th International Conference of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress (Abstract). May 30- June 1, Galway, Ireland, 1993.

Song C, Dian T, Leonard BE. Changes in serum proteins in depression patients and in a rodent model of depression, First International Congress on Hormones, Brain and Neuropsychopharmacology, September 13-17. Rhodes, Greece. Neuropsychopharmacology supp. 9, 106-107, 1993.

Song C, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. Endocrine, immune and behaviour changes following olfactory bulbectomy. 9th World Congress of Psychiatry (Abstract), 6th-12th June, Brazil, 1993.

Song C, Earley B, Leonard BE. The effects of chronic treatment with piracetam and tacrine on passive avoidance behaviour in sham operated and thymectomized rats. European Research Conference, European Science Foundation, Abstract, Limerick, Ireland, 8-13 September, 1992. *This study was chosen as an excellent poster and given 5 min for oral communication.

Song C, Killeen AA, Leonard BE. Changes in neutrophil function and serum protein in olfactory bulbectomized rats. The Irish Neuroscience Meeting, Abstract, 25-26 October, Belfast, Ireland, 1991.

Zuo P, Song C. The relationship between metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and the function of central nervous system. The First National Bone Metabolism Meeting, Nov., Abstract Collection. Cheng Du, China, 1989.

Song C, Zuo P, Zhao NM. The studies of erythrocyte membrane of aging rats using ramam spectra and differential scanning calcometer. The National Biophysics Annual Meeting Abstract Collection, May. Beijing, China, 1990.

Luo G, Zuo P, Song C. Effects of ginseng-leaf saponins on the neurochemical changes of brain. Sandoz Co. Pharmacology Abstract, Switzerland. *This study got 1990 pharmacologic research prize in Sandoz Co.